Deborah Sampson Facts, Biography, Legacy

Deborah Sampson Gannett (December 17, 1760–April 29, 1827) was one of the only women to serve in the army during the Revolutionary War. After disguising herself as a man and enlisting under the name Robert Shurtliff, she served for 18 months. Sampson was severely wounded in battle and received an honorable discharge after her gender was discovered. She later successfully fought for her rights to a military pension. Fast Facts: Deborah Sampson Also Known As: Private Robert ShurtliffKey Accomplishments: Disguised herself as a man and enlisted as â€Å"Private Robert Shurtliff† during the American Revolution; served for 18 months before being honorably discharged.Born: December 17, 1760 in Plympton, MassachusettsParents: Jonathan Sampson and Deborah BradfordDied: April 29, 1827 in Sharon, MassachusettsSpouse: Benjamin Gannett (m. April 17, 1785)Children:  Earl (1786), Mary (1788), Patience (1790), and Susanna (adopted) Early Life Deborah Sampsons parents were descended from Mayflower passengers and Puritan luminaries, but they did not prosper like many of their ancestors. When Deborah was about five years old, her father vanished. The family believed that he was lost at sea during a fishing trip, but it later emerged that he had abandoned his wife and six young children to build a new life and family in Maine. Deborah’s mother, unable to provide for her children, placed them with other relatives and families, as was common for destitute parents of the time. Deborah ended up with the widow of a former minister, Mary Prince Thatcher, who likely taught the child to read. From that point on, Deborah displayed a desire for education unusual in a girl of that era. When Mrs. Thatcher died around 1770, 10-year-old Deborah became an indentured servant in the household of Jeremiah Thomas of Middleborough, Massachusetts. â€Å"Mr. Thomas, as an earnest patriot, did much towards shaping the political opinions of the young woman in his charge. At the same time, Thomas did not believe in women’s education, so Deborah borrowed books from the Thomas sons. After her indenture ended in 1778, Deborah supported herself by teaching school in the summers and working as a weaver in the winter. She also used her skills at light woodworking to peddle goods like spools, pie crimpers, milking stools, and other items door-to-door. Enlisting in the Army The Revolution was in its final months when Deborah decided to disguise herself and attempt to enlist sometime in late 1781. She purchased some cloth and made herself a suit of men’s clothing. At 22, Deborah had reached a height of around five feet, eight inches, tall even for men of the period. With a wide waist and a small chest, it was easy enough for her to pass as a young man. She first enlisted under the pseudonym â€Å"Timothy Thayer† in Middleborough in early 1782, but her identity was discovered before she made it into service. On Sept. 3, 1782, the First Baptist Church of Middleborough expelled her, writing that she: â€Å"Last spring was accused of dressing in men’s clothes and enlisting as a Soldier in the Army [†¦] and for some time before had behaved very loose and unchristian like, and at last left our parts in a suden maner, and it is not known where she has gone. She ended up walking from Middleborough to the port of New Bedford, where she considered signing on to an American cruiser, then passed through Boston and its suburbs, where she finally mustered in as â€Å"Robert Shurtliff† in Uxbridge in May 1782. Private Shurtliff was one of 50 new members of the Light Infantry Company of the 4th Massachusetts Infantry. Identity Uncovered Deborah soon saw combat. On July 3, 1782, just a few weeks into her service, she took part in a battle outside Tarrytown, New York. During the fight, she was struck by two musket balls in the leg and a gash to her forehead. Fearing exposure, â€Å"Shurtliff† begged comrades to leave her to die in the field, but they took her to the surgeon anyway. She quickly slipped out of the field hospital and removed the bullets with a penknife. More or less permanently disabled, Private Shurtliff was reassigned as a waiter to General John Patterson. The war was essentially over, but American troops remained in the field. By June 1783, Deborah’s unit was sent to Philadelphia to put down a brewing mutiny among American soldiers over delays in back pay and discharge. Fevers and illness were common in Philadelphia, and not long after she arrived, Deborah fell seriously ill. She was put under the care of Dr. Barnabas Binney, who discovered her true gender as she lay delirious in his hospital. Rather than alert her commander, he took her to his home and put her under the care of his wife and daughters. After months in Binney’s care, it was time for her to rejoin General Patterson. As she prepared to leave, Binney gave her a note to give to the General, which she correctly assumed revealed her gender. Following her return, she was called to Patterson’s quarters. â€Å"She says, A re-entrance was harder than facing a  cannonade, in her biography. She nearly fainted from the tension. To her surprise, Patterson decided not to punish her. He and his staff seemed almost impressed she had carried off her ruse for so long. With no sign she had ever acted inappropriately with her male comrades, Private Shurtliff was given an honorable discharge on Oct. 25, 1783.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Becoming Mrs. Gannett Deborah returned to Massachusetts, where she married Benjamin Gannett and settled down on their small farm in Sharon. She was soon the mother of four: Earl, Mary, Patience, and an adopted daughter named Susanna. Like many families in the young Republic, the Gannetts struggled financially. Starting in 1792, Deborah began what would become a decades-long battle to receive back pay and pension relief from her time in service. Unlike many of her male peers, Deborah didn’t rely just on petitions and letters to Congress. To raise her profile and strengthen her case, she also allowed a local writer named Herman Mann to write a romanticized version of her life story, and in 1802 embarked on a lengthy lecture tour of Massachusetts and New York. National Tour Reluctantly leaving her children in Sharon, Gannett was on the road from June 1802 to April 1803. Her tour covered over 1,000 miles and stopped in every major town in Massachusetts and the Hudson River Valley, ending in New York City. In most towns, she lectured simply on her wartime experiences. In bigger venues like Boston, the American Heroine† was a spectacle. Gannett would give her lecture in female dress, then exit the stage as a chorus sang patriotic tunes. Finally, she would reappear in her military uniform and perform a complex, 27-step military drill with her musket. Her tour was met with widespread acclaim until she got to New York City, where she lasted only a single performance. â€Å"Her talents do not appear calculated for theatrical exhibitions, one reviewer sniffed. She returned home to Sharon soon after. Because of the high cost of travel, she ended up making a profit of around $110. Petition for Benefits In her long fight for benefits, Gannett had the support of some powerful allies like Revolutionary War hero Paul Revere, Massachusetts Congressman William Eustis, and her old commander, General Patterson. All would press her claims with the Government, and Revere, in particular, would frequently lend her money. Revere wrote to Eustis after meeting Gannett in 1804, describing her as â€Å"much out of health,† in part because of her military service, and despite the Gannett’s obvious efforts, â€Å"they are really poor.† He added: We commonly form our Idea of the person whom we hear spoken off, whom we have never seen; according as their actions are described, when I heard her spoken off as a Soldier, I formed the Idea of a tall, Masculine female, who had a small share of understandg, without education, one of the meanest of her Sex-When I saw and discoursed with I was agreeably surprised to find a small, effeminate, and converseable Woman, whose education entitled her to a better situation in life. In 1792, Gannett successfully petitioned the Massachusetts Legislature for back pay of  £34, plus interest. Following her lecture tour in 1803, she began to petition the Congress for disability pay. In 1805, she received a lump sum of $104 plus $48 a year thereafter. In 1818, she gave up disability pay for a general pension of $96 a year. The fight for retroactive payments went on until the end of her life. Death Deborah died at the age of 68, after a long period of ill health. The family was too poor to pay for a headstone, so her gravesite in Sharon’s Rock Ridge Cemetery was unmarked until the 1850s or 1860s. At first, she was noted only as â€Å"Deborah, Wife of Benjamin Gannett.† It wasn’t until years after that someone memorialized her service by carving into the headstone, â€Å"Deborah Sampson Gannett/Robert Shurtliff/The Female Soldier.† Resources and Further Reading Abbatt, William. The Magazine of History with Notes and Queries: Extra Numbers. 45-48, XII, 1916.â€Å"Letter from Paul Revere to William Eustis, 20 February 1804.† Massachusetts Historical Society Collections Online, Mass Cultural Council, 2019.Mann, Herman. Female Review: Life of Deborah Sampson, the Female Soldier in the War of the Revolution. Forgotten, 2016.Rothman, Ellen K., et al. â€Å"Deborah Sampson Performs in Boston.† Mass Moments, Mass Humanities.Young, Alfred Fabian. Masquerade: The Life and Times of Deborah Sampson, Continental Soldier. Vintage, 2005.Weston, Thomas. History of the Town of Middleboro, Massachusetts. Vol. 1, Houghton Mifflin, 1906.

The Problem Of Moral And Ethical Issue - 986 Words

29 years old Brittany Maynard, she’s been married for just over a year and has terminal brain cancer. In April 2014, she had six months or less left to live. She made a decision to move from California to Oregon to access that state’s Death with Dignity Act. The law authorized her to a take life-ending medication, so she can pass away gently and peacefully at home with family. Also she said she is not suicidal, she doesn’t want to die. But there’s no treatments that save her life. And she wants to die on her own terms. She posted her video on â€Å"Youtube† that she’s planning to end her life on November 1, 2014. She had life ending medication that prescribed by her doctor on November 1 surrounded by her family. Her story has gone viral. Millions have been inspired by her strength and bravery. Also there are many arguments for death with dignity and against it. There are many concerning about moral and ethical issue. Is it â€Å"Right to die † or â€Å"Right to live†? 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Spanish Society of Neurology

Question: Describe about the Spanish Society of Neurology? Answer: Concept of normal and abnormal behaviour Normal behaviour: normal person feel correctly or he can show the correct emotions when needed. He will react like the other normal people. He will feel sorrow when he feel sad, he will happy when he feel happiness, he will regret when he lose someone. this things will fit the person in the locality. This poersomns are called normal people amd the behaviour of them is called normal behaviour. This is a mental situation, where the person is perfectly alright or he is average. The fundamental thing is, those who fit for the society are the normal persons. Abnormality of person makes him different from the others. In other words, the people who are not behaving like the normal persons are the abnormal. If there is any kind of difficulty is noticed the society says that the person is abnormal. Every human being is facing some difficulties regarding their mental health. But if the mental health is fixing under the average health, the person is fit (Coon and Mitterer, 2014). There are few steps or identifications notes. With the help of this, one can detect that the person is mentally sound or not. As an example, if the IQ test is done, a significant outcome can be obtained. The outcome will help to identify whether the person is normal or the abnormal. If the IQ level is high that means he is mentally sound and if the result is poor or negative then the person is not normal, he is an abnormal one(Coon and Mitterer, 2014). There is another way to identify them. In some situations, the abnormal persons are physically different. From the discussion the definition of abnormal behaviour can be derived. The definition is, Abnormal behaviouris such a behaviour which creates a distance from the expected and normal ones. The study of abnormal behaviour is known asabnormal psychology. Usefulness of different models of abnormal behaviour In the world of psychological treatment, there are so many models that helps in identifying the abnormal people in the society. One can recognise them by following these models. Medical model The medical model says that the abnormal people are those people who are facing difficulties in thinking, pre captioning and in psychomotor activities. That means if a person cannot think like the other ones he is an abnormal. According to this model the abnormal psychology is like the other disease and it can be cure by the drugs and proper treatment. Psycho-Dynamic model In this case the patients are lies between conscious and unconscious mind. This is too harmful. Every culture has its own rituals, norms, believes, taboos and all. The people who are living in the society have to follow these things. This is mandatory. If any individual is not following these or he is denying following these things he will be recognised as an abnormal (Garcia, 2009) According to this model the abnormal psychology is something which affects the patients in the unconscious mind. They cannot differentiate between the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. Behavioural model If the person doesnt behave like the normal; people then the person will be considered as an abnormal person (Toates, 2002).in this case all of them faced a change in their thinking and behaviour. According to the Behavioural model the patients is not behave like the others. There are some difficulties in the behaviour and the behaviour is not acceptable in the society. Cognitive model If this symptom is noticed then the patients like Mary faces some changes some difference in their thinking. This totally changes the behaviour of the patient as faced by Mary. Not only the behaviour, the thinking also changed. According to the model the abnormal people cannot reason the matters in front of them. They are not the rational persons. They cannot think properly. These models help a lot in the treatment of the effective people. This models show the process of the treatment. The psychologists diagnose the patients and after that they divide them into those separate models to make sure that they are able to give the perfect treatment to the patients. This will definitely help them in the treatment process. These models show the different ways of treatment. According to the mental condition the doctors separate them into those parts and they give the treatment. Difficulties involved in diagnosing mental illness and discuss their usefulness. Bi-polar disorder: In this treatment the proper diagnosis is needed. Here in this case, by applying the DSM criteria the diagnosis can be done. The main problem is the swing in mood. Many of them cannot focus on this. Proper monitoring and the checklist is needed. But in most of the cases the checklist cannot be prepare properly. This is the main problem in the treatment. In the first and the last case the Bipolar disorder is found. Schizophrenia: the main challenge in detecting the problem is lack of information. In this case the patients are suddenly affected by something or by some incidents. So, it is very difficult to know about the root of the problem. In the disease people are up to kill them. So, it is very difficult to the doctors to give them proper treatment. in the second case the Schizophrenia is noticed. Anorexia: To detect the problem there is a specified criteria, which is DSM-IV, but this not enough to detect the problem. In this case the food habit of the patients is decreased; they dont take food like before. To diagnose them, the doctors have to know the actual reason, if they dont know the actual reason, they cannot make the diagnosis properly. In the third case the Anorexia is noticed (ABN joint annual meeting 2009 with the Spanish Society of Neurology, 2009). Differences and similarities between two cases The main dissimilarity in the first and the third case study is, in the first case the 22 year old girl was very silent at first. She used to stay inside her all the time. All of a sudden she became very lively and she was enjoying the life at the top gear. This change looks so good but it is not good at all. In the third case, Joe was very lively at the first. He wanted to be a sportsman. He was very muscular and the physical structure was very good. After that, just before his 12th birthday his physical health started to deteriorate and his mental conditions too.After that he was taken to the doctor and the doctor said that he is suffering from mental health. The main difference is that in the first case the patient became livelier and in the second case the patient started to shrink. It is clear that the mental conditions are changed in different ways. Both of them faced a change in their nature but the changes are standing in two different poles. Another difference is Joe faced a change in his physical structure and Mary faced the change in her nature. The similarity is both have faced a change in the attitude. Their behaviours have also changed. The physical structure has changed in both cases. Major psychological disorders found in the case studies Bipolar Disorder This is a manic depressive illness. It is a case in which the patients are facing a mental disorder. The effect of this disorder is noticed in the behaviour of the patient, here in case of Mary. There changes like sudden shift in the mood, energy and in the activity level also. Here Mary faced all this things. She was a well mannered and well behaved girl at the very beginning. After that she started to join the whole night parties. The parents and her fellows noticed a sudden swing in her mood and in her attitude. The doctors make the diagnosis and found that she is suffering from Bipolar Disorder(Ameri, 2014). Anorexia In the second case Joe faced some difficulties in his health. He was very worried about this. After a certain period he became mental and the doctors detected that he is suffering from anorexia. In this case the patients are very worried regarding their physical structure and the body wait. Joe also faced these things. He was 41kgs at a time, after that suddenly he falls down to 31. He became very worried/ his appetite was also gone. This is the main problem of this disease. Patients like Joe are facing the problem about their appetite and the structure. This is a very dangerous disease (Ashton et al., 2014). Treatment The models are discussed earlier. Mainly four types of model are there and all of them have their different types of treatment. The different types of models can be described in different ways. The treatment of the models is discussed below. The medical model This is a common model and most of the patients in this category. The treatment of the model is simple. In this model the patients can be cured. Proper diagnosis is needed and after that the patients have to take the proper medicine which is prescribed by the doctor. If needed a surgery is needed. Psycho-Dynamic model In this model the psycho therapy is needed for treatment. It is a common term in the mental treatment. It is provided by the psychologist, psychiatrist or other mental service providers. In this process the patients came to know about their mood, behaviour, feeling and other behaviours. This therapy is also known as the talk therapy. Very little medicine is needed in this process. Behavioural model The term says that what kind of treatment it is. This is an action based therapy. In this theory the past is very important. The doctors have to know that from where the occurred behaviour started. The doctors have to go to the root of the disease. Only then they can solve the problem. Cognitive model This model is totally different from the other models. This model focused on the present. The anxiety patients are served under this model. It focuses on the daily activities. It aims at the practical activities (Walter, 2012). In the second case study, Derek faced some abnormal activity in his behaviour. To make him cure, the cognitive model can be taken for treatment. In this process, his behaviour will be monitored and he can be cured by changing his behaviour. References ABN joint annual meeting 2009 with the Spanish Society of Neurology. (2009). Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery Psychiatry, 80(11), pp.e1-e1. Amaladoss, A., Roberts, N. and Amaladoss, F. (2010). Evidence for Use of Mood Stabilizers and Anticonvulsants in the Treatment of Nonaffective Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Clinical Neuropharmacology, 33(6), pp.303-311. Ameri, A. (2014). Bipolar-Mischzustnde als therapeutische Herausforderung. DNP - Der Neurologe und Psychiater, 15(1), pp.71-71. Ashton, J., Befera, N., Clark, D., Qi, Y., Mao, L., Rockman, H., Johnson, G. and Badea, C. (2014). Anatomical and functional imaging of myocardial infarction in mice using micro-CT and eXIA 160 contrast agent. Contrast Media Molecular Imaging, 9(2), pp.161-168. Bohomol, E. (2014). Medication errors: descriptive study of medication classes and high-alert medication. Escola Anna Nery - Revista de Enfermagem, 18(2). Coon, D. and Mitterer, J. (2014). Psychology. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning. Garcia, A. (2009). Contextual pathways to Latino child welfare involvement: A theoretical model located in the intersections of place, culture, and socio-structural factors. Children and Youth Services Review, 31(12), pp.1240-1250. Goossens, L. (2013). DSM-5 onder de loep : Eetstoornissen in de DSM-5. PSYCHOPRAKTIJK, 5(3), pp.28-29. Robert, C. (2011). Bayesian Model Selection and Statistical Modeling by Tomohiro Ando. International Statistical Review, 79(1), pp.120-121. Toates, F. (2002). Application of a multilevel model of behavioural control to understanding emotion. Behavioural Processes, 60(2), pp.99-114. Walter, J. (2012). Practical and Ethical Implications of Inpatient Preferential Treatment. Psychiatric Annals, 42(1), pp.30-32.